Pushing the boundaries of Space in the 21st century
When man set foot on the Moon during the Apollo programme in
1969, this was considered the first step in the exploration of our
solar system, allowing mankind to go beyond our home planet and
find answers to questions that have occupied the minds of
scientists, philosophers and visionaries for many centuries.
What was once science fiction is becoming reality. Many around
the globe expected the 21st century to be one of space travel and
planetary exploitation. However, the political and economical
drivers needed to nurture and drive such advancements have been
lacking since the end of the Apollo programme, shifting the focus
of space endeavours from interplanetary to Earth bound and allowing
for developments in Earth observation, telecommunication and
navigation.
In the past decade, several national and international space
programmes have been showing increased interest in planetary
exploration. The United States, Europe, Japan, China, Russia and
India have been planning and/or executing a number of robotic
planetary missions. In addition, the United States has announced
its plans to return to the Moon, and Europe has endorsed the Aurora
programme with the ultimate goal of a manned mission to Mars by
2033.
Despite this renewed drive behind space exploration, the contrast
with respect to the Apollo era is that the space organisations and
nations involved are aiming to achieve their goals within limited
financial budgets and at carefully calculated risks. This results
in a ‘step by step’ approach allowing for the required technologies
to be tested and demonstrated during programmes that include
several technology demonstrating missions. The European Aurora
programme is a good example of this approach, where each of its
missions builds on proven technologies and aims to demonstrate new
ones. Its first mission, ExoMars, builds on ESA’s experience gained
on Mars Express, and focuses on demonstrating advanced rover
technology, aided by NASA’s experience gained during the Mars
Exploration Rover (MER) missions.
The above example also demonstrates another feature of today’s
exploration programmes: International Cooperation. Driven by the
need for cost effectiveness and risk reduction, national and
international space agencies are seeking cooperation and enabling
the exchange of knowledge, expertise and resources. NASA’s Mars
lander mission, Phoenix, will be assisted during its descent and
entry by ESA’s Mars Express orbiter for data relay, while ESA’s
ExoMars mission baseline relies on NASA’s MRO for data relay. Such
cooperation also extends to the scientific output of the various
missions.
We believe that cost effectiveness, risk reduction and
international cooperation, are key to maintaining the momentum of
the exploration programmes and to their success. This requires
advanced technologies to be implemented, not only on the space
segments, but also on the ground segments, allowing for reduction
of costs during the design, test and validation, and operational
phases of the missions. Risk reduction and cooperation are assisted
by standardisation, efficient interfaces and knowledge management,
and effective training.
VEGA is playing a key role in the definition and implementation of
standards and interfaces allowing for interoperability between
space agencies and supporting our capabilities in Ground Segment
design. Training solutions have been instrumental for ESA’s most
challenging missions, with continued developments to ensure they
meet the requirements for the forthcoming challenging exploration
missions. Enterprise Architecture Modelling enables dynamic
knowledge management and efficient planning, and provides
consultancy to clients’ programmes and investments.
In addition to NASA’s vision to return to the moon, ESA’s Aurora
programme, the European national lunar mission studies (Germany,
UK, Italy, France), and the exploration activities of Japan, China,
Russia and India, there are several entrepreneurial activities
developing technologies to enable access to space for mankind.
Almost four decades since the first landing on the moon, today we
seem to be reminded of Tsiolkovsky’s words again: "The Earth is the
cradle of humanity, but mankind cannot stay in the cradle
forever."
Having played a key role in all ESA’s interplanetary missions, VEGA
today builds on its rich experience for its support to the national
and international exploration initiatives. Why? Because in addition
to our technical and consultancy expertise, we are driven by our
enthusiasm for space and our passion for exploration.